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Cast iron rivet forge 19 OD 150. LB 3. 0s, in the Land Bomber design category. At its inception, the B 2. Davis wing. The wing gave the Liberator a high cruise speed, long range and the ability to carry a heavy bomb load. Ultimate Board Games Psp Iso'>Ultimate Board Games Psp Iso. Early RAF Liberators were the first aircraft to cross the Atlantic Ocean as a matter of routine. However, the type was difficult to fly and had poor low speed performance. It also had a lower ceiling and was less robust than the Boeing B 1. Flying Fortress. While aircrews tended to prefer the B 1. General Staff favored the B 2. At nearly 1. 9,0. Ford Motor Company, it holds records as the worlds most produced bomber heavy bomber multi engine aircraft and American military aircraft in history. The B 2. 4 was used extensively in World War II. It served in every branch of the American armed forces, as well as several Allied air forces and navies, and saw use in every theater of operations. Along with the B 1. B 2. 4 was the mainstay of the US strategic bombing campaign in the Western European theater. Due to its range, it proved useful in bombing operations in the Pacific, including the bombing of Japan. Long range anti submarine Liberators played an instrumental role in closing the Mid Atlantic Gap in the Battle of the Atlantic. The C 8. 7 transport derivative served as a longer range, higher capacity counterpart to the Douglas C 4. Skytrain. By the end of World War II, the technological breakthroughs of the Boeing B 2. Superfortress and other modern types had surpassed the bombers that served from the start of the war. The B 2. 4 was rapidly phased out of US service, although the PB4. Y 2 Privateer derivative carried on in service with the US Navy in the Korean War. Design and development. Initial specifications. The Liberator originated from a United States Army Air Corps USAAC request in 1. Consolidated to produce the B 1. After company executives including President Reuben Fleet visited the Boeing factory in Seattle, Washington, Consolidated decided instead to submit a more modern design of its own. The new Model 3. David R. Daviss wing, a high efficiency airfoil design created by unorthodox means,7 with the twin tail design from the Consolidated Model 3. This new fuselage was intentionally designed around twin bomb bays, each one being the same size and capacity of the B 1. In January 1. 93. USAAC, under Specification C 2. Consolidated8 to submit a design study for a bomber with longer range, higher speed and greater ceiling than the B 1. The specification was written such that the Model 3. The program was run under the umbrella group, Project A, an Air Corps requirement for an intercontinental bomber that had been conceived in the mid 1. Although the B 2. Project A goals, it was a step in that direction. Project A led to the development of the Boeing B 2. Consolidateds own B 3. B 3. 6. 9Design. The B 2. Davis wing. This wing was highly efficient allowing a relatively high airspeed and long range. Compared to the B 1. This gave the B 2. The relatively thick wing held the promise of increased tankage while delivering increased lift and speed, but became unpleasant to fly when committed to heavier loadings as experienced at high altitude and in bad weather. The Davis wing was also more susceptible to ice formation than contemporary designs, causing distortions of the aerofoil section and resulting in the loss of lift unpleasant experiences drawing such comments as The Davis wing wont hold enough ice to chill your drink. The wing was also more susceptible to damage than the B 1. The wing carried four superchargedradial engines mounted in cowlings borrowed from the PBY Catalina except being oval in cross section, with oil coolers mounted on each side of the engine, turning 3 bladed variable pitch propellers. The tail plane featured two large oval vertical stabilizers mounted at the ends of a rectangular horizontal stabilizer. As early as 1. 94. Liberators handling and stability could be improved by the use of a single vertical fin. The single fin was tested by Ford on the single B 2. ST and an experimental XB 2. K, and was found to improve handling. All Liberators were produced with twin oval fins, with the exception of eight preproduction B 2. N aircraft. The B 2. N was intended as a major production variant featuring a single tail. Over 5. 00. 0 orders for this version were placed in 1. The single fin did appear in production on the PB4. Y Privateer derivative. The B 2. 4s spacious, slab sided fuselage which earned the aircraft the nickname Flying Boxcar1. The forward and aft bomb bay compartments were further split longitudinally with a centerline ventral catwalk just nine inches 2. An unusual four panel set of all metal, tambour panel roller type bomb bay doors, which operated very much like the movable enclosure of a rolltop desk, retracted into the fuselage, creating a minimum of aerodynamic drag to keep speed high over the target area, and also allowed the bomb bays to be opened while on the ground the low ground clearance prevented the use of normal bomb bay doors. The occasional need for crewmen to move around inside from fore to aft within the B 2. The Liberator carried a crew of up to 1. Cooking Mama Iso Palm there. The pilot and co pilot sat alongside each other in a well glazed cockpit. The navigator and bombardier, who could also double as a nose or wiggly ear gunner guns mounted in the sides of the aircraft nose, sat in the nose, fronted on the pre B 2. H models with a well framed greenhouse nose with some two dozen glazed panels in total, with two flexible ball mounts built into it for forward defensive firepower using. Browning M1. 91. 9 machine guns. Later versions were fitted with a powered twin. M2 Browning machine gun nose turret The radioradar operator sat behind the pilots, facing sideways and sometimes doubled as a waist gunner. The upper gun turret, when fitted, was located just behind the cockpit, in front of the wing, and was operated by the flight engineer, who sat adjacent to the radio operator behind the pilots. In the tail, up to four crew could be located in the waist, operating waist guns, a retractable lower ball turret and a tail gun turret matching the nose turret. The waist gun hatches were provided with doors, with the ball turret required to be retractable for ground clearance when preparing to land, as well as for greater aerodynamic efficiency. The tail gunners powered twin gun turret was located at the end of the tail, behind the tailplane. The B 2. 4 featured a tricycle undercarriage, the first American bomber to do so,1. It used differential braking and differential thrust for ground steering, which made taxiing difficult. Armament. The defensive armament of the B 2. M2 Browning machine guns located in turrets and waist gun positions. Early model Liberators were fitted with a top mounted turret, a tail turret and single machine guns located in the waist and in the glazed nose. The B 2. 4D initially featured upper, belly and tail turrets, plus swiveling single guns in the waist and on either side of the nose. The belly turret was a periscopically sighted Bendix model. The turret proved unsatisfactory and was soon replaced by a tunnel gun, which was itself omitted.